H.R. 5334 is law: the 30-day clock on Russia and secondary duties has started
In brief
The House concurred 262 to 159 on September 16 and the President signed H.R. 5334 on September 18, 2026. Sections 112 and 113 give the President until October 18 to act. What the enrolled text requires before any duty lands, and what is in effect today.
Update, October 19, 2026: On October 16, 2026 the President signed an executive order implementing the Act. Section 2 sets the duty increases and Section 4 waives their application; no country is named. See the order, summarized here.
H.R. 5334, the Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, is law. The House agreed to the Senate amendments on September 16, 2026 by a recorded vote of 262 to 159, and the President signed the bill on September 18, 2026. The White House statement describes the Act as one that authorizes and expands statutory sanctions, tariffs, and prohibitions on Russia and extends existing sanctions on Iran.
For importers, enactment starts two clocks. It does not, by itself, change the rate of duty on anything.
If you need a US Importer of Record
Any duty imposed under the Act is owed by the Importer of Record on the entry, on the customs value declared. A company that holds that role from outside the United States, or a buyer that holds it only because a supplier or forwarder put its name on the entry, carries that responsibility directly. An independent United States Importer of Record can assume the role under 19 U.S.C. §1484, with entries filed by licensed customs brokers. Tell us what you import and how your entries are filed today, and we’ll show you where you stand. See if you qualify.
The two sections that reach the customs entry
Section 112. Not later than 30 days after enactment, the President is directed to increase the rate of duty on all goods imported from the Russian Federation, including oil, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, petroleum, petroleum products, petrochemical products, coal, and coal products, to a rate of up to 500 percent ad valorem.
Section 113. Not later than 30 days after enactment, the President is directed to increase the rate of duty on all goods imported from a country described in subsection (c) to a rate of up to 100 percent ad valorem. The United States Trade Representative may set the rate for such a country anywhere above zero and up to 100 percent.
Thirty days from September 18, 2026 is October 18, 2026.
Which countries Section 113 reaches
The enrolled text describes a covered country by conduct, not by name. Under Section 113(c), a country is described if it knowingly made new purchases of crude oil or natural gas that originated in the Russian Federation, or was among the top five countries facilitating Russian oil sanctions evasion. Section 113(h) states that nothing in the Act authorizes duties on goods from any country not expressly described in subsection (c) or the Russian Federation.
The House amendment that would have named China, India, Türkiye, and seven other countries was submitted to the Rules Committee but never made in order, and it is not in the enrolled text. Which countries are covered is a determination to be made under the statute, and none has been made.
Process steps the statute requires before a duty lands
- Ten days’ notice to Congress. Under Section 113(g)(1), not later than 10 days before imposing a duty under Section 113 or modifying its rate, the President or the Trade Representative must submit a written justification to the appropriate congressional committees.
- Redetermination every 180 days. Under Section 113(e), not later than 180 days after the initial imposition of duties, and every 180 days after that, the Trade Representative must redetermine the five largest importers of Russian-origin crude oil and natural gas.
- Waiver. Under Section 115, the President may waive the application of any sanctions provision on submitting a written certification to Congress that the waiver is in the national interests of the United States.
What is in effect today
Nothing under Section 112 or Section 113. As of September 22, 2026, no proclamation, executive order, Federal Register document, CSMS message, or Trade Representative notice implementing either section has been published, and no country has been described under Section 113(c). The Act sets the President a deadline. It does not set the duty.
When a duty is imposed, it will be ad valorem, a percentage of the customs value declared on the entry, and it will be owed by the Importer of Record on that entry. For an importer whose supply chain runs through a country that ends up described under Section 113, that is the arithmetic to watch: a duty of up to the full value of the goods, owed by whichever party holds the IOR role. The Importer of Record page covers what that role carries, and the 2026 customs enforcement order tracker covers the separate track that is tightening who may hold it.
This post will be updated when an implementing document publishes.
Related
- Graham Act executive order: duties waived, October 16
- H.R. 5334 secondary tariffs: the House vote
- Importer of Record deadlines, fourth quarter 2026
- Canada Section 338 duties and import exclusions
Sources
This post summarizes publicly available federal actions for general information. It is not legal advice. Requirements are subject to rulemaking and change. Verify current requirements against the Federal Register and CBP guidance.
See if your shipments qualify
Tell us what you import and how your entries are filed today, and we’ll show you where you stand. We reply to your work email within one business day. The full form has room for more detail.
